Cáncer de pulmón: ¿qué hay de nuevo? / No disponible

El carcinoma de pulmón es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial. Esta revisión profundiza en aspectos novedosos en el diagnóstico-screening, el tratamiento y la estadificación: los cambios introducidos en la TNM, la última clasificación de tumores pulmonares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), los tratamientos dirigidos, la inmunoterapia y los ensayos que se están haciendo en la actualidad sobre radioterapia estereotáxica extracraneal (SBRT)

Bronchogenic carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. This review explores new aspects about diagnosis-screening, treatment, and staging: the changes introduced in TNM clasification, the 2015 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors, targeted treatments, immunotherapy, and current trials about stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)

Heritability of Wing Size and Shape of the Rice and Corn Strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) represents a pest of economic importance in all Western Hemisphere. This polyphagous species has diverged into two populations that have been mainly recognized with various mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers and named "the rice" and "the corn" strains. In Colombia, both strains have evolved prezygotic and postzygotic isolation. They differ in tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab endotoxins) and the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl. In 2014, a wing morphometric analysis made in 159 individuals from a colony showed that both strains significantly differ in wing shape. The species also exhibits sexual dimorphism in the rice strain as in females wing size is larger than in males. Here, we continued this work with another wing morphometric approach in laboratory-reared strains to calculate wing size and shape heritabilities using a full-sib design and in wild populations to determine if this method distinguishes these strains. Our results show that male heritabilities of both traits were higher than female ones. Wild populations were significantly different in wing shape and size. These results suggest that wing morphometrics can be used as an alternative method to molecular markers to differentiate adults from laboratory-reared populations and wild populations of this pest, particularly in males of this species. Finally, Q ST values obtained for wing size and shape further demonstrated that both strains are genetically differentiated in nature.

Paciente con síndrome de platipnea ortodesoxia / Patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome

Resumen. El síndrome platipnea-ortodesoxia (SPO) se caracteriza por disnea e hipoxemia en ortostatismo que remite al adoptar el decúbito supino. Las causas pueden ser cardíacas o pulmonares. Las cardíacas se deben a un circuito derecha- izquierda que se hace más evidente al incorporarse, cuando aumenta la cantidad de sangre desoxigenada que confluye a la circulación sistémica. Las causas pulmonares se deben a un circuito vascular (fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares o síndrome hepatopulmonar), cuando en ortostatismo la gravedad aumenta el flujo en las bases pulmonares, o a un circuito parenquimatoso (enfisema pulmonar, neumonectomias, embolismos pulmonares o síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto), si la afectación es predominante en bases, al incrementarse el espacio muerto por hematosis ineficaz. El SPO es un fenómeno más común de lo que parece, y su diagnóstico ha aumentado, no sólo por la mejoría de las técnicas diagnósticas, sino porque se piensa en él y se incluye en los diagnósticos diferenciales (AU)

Abstract: Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome (POS) consists in the presence, of dyspnea and hypoxemia in orthostatism that submit in recumbence. Its causes can be either cardiac or pulmonary. In the first case it is due to a right to left shunt which increases in orthostatism, causing more deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation. If the origin is pulmonar it can happen in vascular shunt (arterious venous pulmonary fistulas and hepatopulmonary syndrome) where gravity increases the blood flow to the bases; or it can happen in parenchimal shunts (pulmonary emphysema, pneumonectomy, pulmonary embolism or adult respiratory distress syndrome) if the pulmonar bases are particularly affected increasing the dead space because of inefficient hematosis. This syndrome is more diagnosed due not only to the improvement of the techniques but also to its inclusion within the different and possible diagnosis (AU)

Neumonía y masa de pared torácica / Pneumonia and thoracic wall mass

Los Actinomyces son bacterias anaerobias, que crecen formando racimos y filamentos y forman parte de la flora normal de la orofaringe, tracto gastrointestinal y genital femenino. Existen catorce especies de Actinomyces, siendo A. israeli la principal especie patógena en humanos. La mayoría de dichas infecciones son polimicrobianas, como en el caso que presentamos a continuación de una paciente con neumonía polimicrobiana y absceso cutáneo (AU)

Actinomyces are anaerobic bacteria, that grow forming clusters and filaments and form a part of the normal flora of the oropharynge, gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract. There are fourteen species of Actinomyces, A. israeli being the main pathogenic species in humans. Most of these infections are polymicrobial, as in the case we present herein of a female patient with polymicrobial pneumonia and cutaneous abscess (AU)

Derrame pleural izquierdo como primera manifestación de un quiste hidatídico / Left pleural effusion as first manifestation of a hydatid cyst

La hidatidosis es una parasitosis zoonótica causada por un cestodo del género Echinococcus. Las manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la localización, volumen y número de quistes. En el pulmón éstas se deben a las complicaciones (compresión, infección o ruptura), originando gran variedad de síntomas.Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 35 años con derrame pleural recidivante secundario a hidatidosis hepática

Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitosis caused by a cestode of the Echinococcus genus. The clinical manifestations depend on the location, volume and number of cysts. In the lung, they are due to complications (compression, infection or rupture) and cause a large variety of symptoms.We present the case of a 35 year old patient with recurrent pleural effusion secondary to hepatic hydatidosis

Mujer joven con infecciones respiratorias de repetición / Young woman with recurrent respiratory infections

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Tromboembolismo pulmonar como presentación clínica de una neoplasia oculta / Pulmonary thromboembolism as clinical presentation of an occult neoplasm

Los pacientes con cáncer presentan un riesgo elevado de enfermedad troboembólica debido al estado de hipercoagulabilidad de la enfermedad. La utilidad de una búsqueda exhaustiva de neoplasia oculta en pacientes ingresados con tromboembolismo pulmonar está discutida. Presentamos el caso clínico de un trombombolismo como debut de una neoplasiade vesícula biliar

Patients with cancer present high risk of venou tromboembolism disease due to the hipercoagulable state of the disease. Pulmonary embolism is a high risk for occult malignancy. Usefulness of intensive screening for malignancies in these patients is controversy. We describe this case of pulmonary embolism as a first manifestation of vesicular biliar cancer (AU)

Fibrosis pulmonar por amiodarona / Amiodarone-associated pulmonary fibrosis

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[Elaboration and evaluation of infant food based on Andean crops]. / Elaboración y evaluación de alimentos infantiles con base en cultivos andinos.

The Andes mountain range of South America is one of the most important centres for crop domestication, potato, corn, and lesser known grains such as quinua, cañihua, kiwicha and tarwi are indigenous of these highlands. These Andean grains have adapted perfectly to the climatic and geographical conditions present, whereas other grains have not been able to survive. In addition to their hardiness, they also have a high nutritional value. Bearing in mind on one hand, the high nutritional value of these indegenous products, and on the other hand the high rate of child malnutrition prevalent in the population, it was considered important to look for new variations in their processing which would facilitate their consumption by the poor working classes, especially the children. Accordingly three different flour mixtures were developed based on these Andean grains, the mixtures were then subjected to bromatological and biological analysis. The three new flour mixtures were: Quinua-Cañihua-Broad Bean (Q-C-B), Quinua-Kiwicha-Bean (Q-K-B) and Kiwicha-Rice (K-R). The protein content of these mixtures varied between 11.35-15.46 g/100g, the mixture K-R having the lowest protein level and the Q-C-B having the highest. The Q-K-B mixture had the highest chemical score, PER and NPU value. This PER value of 2.59 was higher than the value of casein which was 2.50. In addition this mixture had a chemical score of 0.94 and a NPU value of 59.38. The Q-C-B mixture had a chemical score of 0.88 and its PER, NPU and Digestibility values were 2.36, 47.24 and 79.2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)